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Introdução: A asma é uma doença inflamatória obstrutiva crônica que, mesmo com baixa letalidade, pode prejudicar a qualidade de vida das crianças e adolescentes. Estabelecer o quanto a gravidade da asma e o seu controle podem influenciar na qualidade de vida dos pacientes pode auxiliar em um melhor desfecho para os pacientes. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida em crianças asmáticas de acordo com o controle de sintomas e a gravidade da doença. Métodos: Estudo transversal com inclusão de crianças asmáticas de 7 a 13 anos de idade acompanhadas no ambulatório de pneumologia pediátrica da Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará (FSCMPa). Dados sociodemográficos e clínicos foram obtidos por meio de uma ficha de identificação e do prontuário. O controle de sintomas foi avaliado pelo Teste de Controle da Asma e a gravidade foi determinada com base nos critérios do Global Initiative for Asthma. Para avaliação da qualidade de vida foi utilizado o Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ). Resultados: Foram entrevistados 45 pacientes (57,7% meninos) com média de idade de 9,53±1,89 e mediana de 9 anos. Destes, 19, 11 e 15 foram classificados, respectivamente, com asma controlada (AC), asma parcialmente controlada (APC) e asma não controlada (ANC). Quanto à gravidade, 25, 19 e 1 foram classificados, respectivamente, com asma leve (AL), asma moderada (AM) e asma grave (AG). O grupo AC, quando comparado ao APC e ANC, apresentou maiores valores no escore geral do PAQLQ e em todos os domínios (p < 0,05). Quanto à adesão ao tratamento, verificou-se que pacientes com adesão terapêutica têm aproximadamente três vezes mais chance de ter prejuízo mínimo ou ausente na qualidade de vida do que pacientes não aderentes. Conclusão: Crianças asmáticas têm comprometimento da qualidade de vida relacionado ao inadequado controle dos sintomas e à não adesão terapêutica.
Background: Asthma is a chronic obstructive inflammatory disease that, even with low mortality, can impair the quality of life (QoL) of children and adolescents. Establishing to what extent asthma severity and control can influence patient QoL may contribute to better patient outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the QoL of children with asthma according to disease severity and symptom control. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of asthmatic children aged 7 to 13 years followed up at the pediatric pulmonology outpatient clinic of Hospital Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórida do Pará (FSCMPa). Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained using an identification form and from medical records. Symptom control was assessed by the Asthma Control Test, and severity was determined using the Global Initiative for Asthma criteria. The Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) was used to assess QoL. Results: We interviewed 45 patients (57.7% boys) with a mean age of 9.53 ± 1.89 years (median, 9 years). Of these, 19, 11, and 15 were classified as having well-controlled, partially controlled, and uncontrolled asthma, respectively. As for severity, 25, 19, and 1 were classified as having mild, moderate, and severe asthma, respectively. Children with well-controlled asthma had higher scores in total and in all domains of the PAQLQ than those with partially controlled or uncontrolled asthma (p<0.05). Regarding treatment adherence, patients with good adherence were approximately 3 times more likely to have minimal or no impairment in QoL than those with poor adherence. Conclusion: Asthmatic children have impaired QoL as a result of inadequate symptom control and non-adherence to treatment.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , AdolescenteRESUMO
Há diversas terapias sendo utilizadas ou propostas para a COVID-19, muitas carecendo de apropriada avaliação de efetividade e segurança. O propósito deste documento é elaborar recomendações para subsidiar decisões sobre o tratamento farmacológico de pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 no Brasil. Métodos: Um grupo de 27 membros, formado por especialistas, representantes do Ministério da Saúde e metodologistas, integra essa diretriz. Foi utilizado o método de elaboração de diretrizes rápidas, tomando por base a adoção e/ou a adaptação de recomendações a partir de diretrizes internacionais existentes (GRADE ADOLOPMENT), apoiadas pela plataforma e-COVID-19 RecMap. A qualidade das evidências e a elaboração das recomendações seguiram o método GRADE. Resultados: Foram geradas 16 recomendações. Entre elas, estão recomendações fortes para o uso de corticosteroides em pacientes em uso de oxigênio suplementar, para o uso de anticoagulantes em doses de profilaxia para tromboembolismo e para não uso de antibacterianos nos pacientes sem suspeita de infecção bacteriana. Não foi possível fazer uma recomendação quanto à utilização do tocilizumabe em pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 em uso de oxigênio, pelas incertezas na disponibilidade e de acesso ao medicamento. Foi feita recomendação para não usar azitromicina, casirivimabe + imdevimabe, cloroquina, colchicina, hidroxicloroquina, ivermectina, lopinavir/ ritonavir, plasma convalescente e rendesivir. Conclusão: Até o momento, poucas terapias se provaram efetivas no tratamento do paciente hospitalizado com COVID-19, sendo recomendados apenas corticosteroides e profilaxia para tromboembolismo. Diversos medicamentos foram considerados ineficazes, devendo ser descartados, de forma a oferecer o melhor tratamento pelos princípios da medicina baseada em evidências e promover economia de recursos não eficazes.
Several therapies are being used or proposed for COVID-19, and many lack appropriate evaluations of their effectiveness and safety. The purpose of this document is to develop recommendations to support decisions regarding the pharmacological treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brazil. Methods: A group of 27 experts, including representatives of the Ministry of Health and methodologists, created this guideline. The method used for the rapid development of guidelines was based on the adoption and/or adaptation of existing international guidelines (GRADE ADOLOPMENT) and supported by the e-COVID-19 RecMap platform. The quality of the evidence and the preparation of the recommendations followed the GRADE method. Results: Sixteen recommendations were generated. They include strong recommendations for the use of corticosteroids in patients using supplemental oxygen, the use of anticoagulants at prophylactic doses to prevent thromboembolism and the nonuse of antibiotics in patients without suspected bacterial infection. It was not possible to make a recommendation regarding the use of tocilizumab in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 using oxygen due to uncertainties regarding the availability of and access to the drug. Strong recommendations against the use of hydroxychloroquine, convalescent plasma, colchicine, lopinavir + ritonavir and antibiotics in patients without suspected bacterial infection and also conditional recommendations against the use of casirivimab + imdevimab, ivermectin and rendesivir were made. Conclusion: To date, few therapies have proven effective in the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and only corticosteroids and prophylaxis for thromboembolism are recommended. Several drugs were considered ineffective and should not be used to provide the best treatment according to the principles of evidence-based medicine and promote economical resource use.
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Humanos , SARS-CoV-2/efeitos dos fármacos , COVID-19/tratamento farmacológico , Oxigenoterapia , Tromboembolia/prevenção & controle , Imunização Passiva , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Lopinavir/uso terapêutico , Diretrizes para o Planejamento em Saúde , Hidroxicloroquina , Antibacterianos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Background Several therapies have been used or proposed for the treatment of COVID-19, although their effectiveness and safety have not been properly evaluated. The purpose of this document is to provide recommendations to support decisions about the drug treatment of outpatients with COVID-19 in Brazil. Methods A panel consisting of experts from different clinical fields, representatives of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, and methodologists (37 members in total) was responsible for preparing these guidelines. A rapid guideline development method was used, based on the adoption and/or adaptation of recommendations from existing international guidelines combined with additional structured searches for primary studies and new recommendations whenever necessary (GRADE-ADOLOPMENT). The rating of quality of evidence and the drafting of recommendations followed the GRADE method. Results Ten technologies were evaluated, and 10 recommendations were prepared. Recommendations were made against the use of anticoagulants, azithromycin, budesonide, colchicine, corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine alone or combined with azithromycin, ivermectin, nitazoxanide, and convalescent plasma. It was not possible to make a recommendation regarding the use of monoclonal antibodies in outpatients, as their benefit is uncertain and their cost is high, with limitations of availability and implementation. Conclusion To date, few therapies have demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of outpatients with COVID-19. Recommendations are restricted to what should not be used, in order to provide the best treatment according to the principles of evidence-based medicine and to promote resource savings by aboiding ineffective treatments.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the clinical manifestations of patients with pulmonary infection caused by mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABSC), and to compare these manifestations with those of patients infected with other nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study involving 43 patients divided into two groups: the MABSC group, consisting of patients with pulmonary infection caused by MABSC (n = 17); and the NTM group, consisting of patients with pulmonary infection caused by NTM other than MABSC (n = 26). Patients were previously treated with a regimen of rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol before the diagnosis of NTM was confirmed by two culture-positive sputum samples. The nucleotide sequences of the hsp65, 16S rRNA, and/or rpoB genes were analyzed to identify the mycobacteria. Data were collected on demographic, clinical, and radiological characteristics, as well as on treatment responses and outcomes. Results: Loss of appetite was the only clinical manifestation that was significantly more common in the MABSC group than in the NTM group (p = 0.0306). The chance of having to use a second treatment regimen was almost 12 times higher in the MABSC group than in the NTM group. Treatment success was significantly higher in the NTM group than in the MABSC group (83.2% vs. 17.6%; p < 0.0001). The chance of recurrence was approximately 37 times higher in the MABSC group than in the NTM group. Conclusions: In the study sample, treatment response of pulmonary disease caused by MABSC was less favorable than that of pulmonary disease caused by other NTM.
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as manifestações clínicas de pacientes com infecção pulmonar por micobactérias do complexo Mycobacterium abscessus (CMA) e compará-las com as daqueles infectados com outras micobactérias não tuberculosas (MNT). Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo envolvendo 43 pacientes divididos em dois grupos: grupo CMA, com pacientes com infecção pulmonar por CMA (n = 17); e grupo MNT, com pacientes com infecção pulmonar por MNT que não CMA (n = 26). Os pacientes foram previamente tratados com o esquema rifampicina, isoniazida, pirazinamida e etambutol antes de o diagnóstico de MNT ser confirmado com culturas positivas em duas amostras de escarro diferentes. As sequências nucleotídicas dos genes hsp65, RNAr 16S e/ou rpoB foram analisadas para a identificação das micobactérias. Foram coletadas características demográficas, clínicas e radiológicas, assim como respostas terapêuticas e desfechos. Resultados: A única manifestação clínica significativamente mais frequente no grupo CMA que no grupo MNT foi hiporexia (p = 0,0306). A chance de haver a necessidade de utilização de um segundo esquema terapêutico foi quase 12 vezes maior no grupo CMA que no grupo MNT. O sucesso terapêutico foi significativamente maior no grupo MNT que no grupo CMA (83,2% vs. 17,6%; p < 0,0001). A chance de recidiva no grupo CMA foi aproximadamente 37 vezes maior que no grupo MNT. Conclusões: Na amostra estudada, a resposta terapêutica da doença pulmonar causada por CMA evoluiu de forma menos favorável do que naquela causada pelas demais MNT.